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Chemical Hazards


The Colorado State University Hazard Communication Program gives employees a means to find information about the hazards associated with any material in their workplace. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are fact sheets that summarize information about the hazards, handling procedures, emergency first aid and required protective equipment regarding each substance. Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Disposal of Chemicals (NRC 1995) is a great resource discussing recognition and control of chemical hazards. Should you have a concern or question about any substance in your workplace, discuss the situation with your supervisor. If the supervisor is unable to answer your questions, contact Environmental Health Services (491-4830). Make sure you are properly trained to safely handle the chemicals you work with, and use appropriate safety equipment.

Exposure to toxic chemicals can cause acute or chronic health effects. Such chemicals may be carcinogens, allergens, asphyxiants, corrosives, hepatotoxicants, irritants, mutagens, nephrotoxicants, neurotoxicants, and teratogens (Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals, NRC, 1997). Exposure may occur from chemicals used for cleaning or disinfecting the environment, fixatives, anesthetic agents or materials introduced into animals during procedures, as well as waste, bedding and equipment used to care for those animals. All chemicals must be appropriately disposed of http://www.ehs.colostate.edu/WHazWaste/PDF/HazWasteManual.pdf to avoid contaminating the environment or exposing other individuals. Information about hazardous waste disposal can be found at http://www.ehs.colostate.edu/WHazWaste/Home.aspx.


Labeling

Labeling is an important aspect of the Hazard Communication Program. All containers must have a label of the common name in English to identify the contents. Learn the risks and how to handle chemicals safely.
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has developed a ranking system to identify hazards of a material.

Blue = Health

Red = Flammability

Yellow = Instability

White = Special instructions
Examples

NFPA Hazard rating Diamond

Bringham Young University

The Scripps Research Institute


The Hazardous Material Identification System (HMIS) labels developed by the National Paint and Coatings Association (NPCA) provides information on hazards posed by a material, personal protective equipment and route of exposure.

Blue = Health

Red = Flammability

Yellow = Physical hazard

White = Personal protection
Examples

NPCA

Florida Atlantic University

Safety Emporium



Another labeling system used to identify hazards is the Universal Laboratory Signages.

Cleaning agents

Cleaning agents are a common form of chemical utilized by animal handlers. All cleaning agents must be stored in labeled and tightly capped containers at all times. Consult the product label or the MSDS for appropriate protective equipment when handling cleaning agents. Always wear a face shield and gloves when handling and dispensing concentrated cleaners.

Corrosives and Flammables

Corrosive materials are the most common form of toxic substances found in a typical laboratory and are frequently used in animal facilities. These include strong acids, strong bases and oxidizing agents. When handling corrosive substances ensure that skin, face and eyes are protected by clothing, laboratory coats, aprons, eyewear and/or face shields.

Flammable materials are clearly labeled as such on the product label. All flammable materials not in immediate use should be stored in an approved flammable materials storage cabinet. Existing approved cabinets have doors which positively latch. Newly acquired flammable material storage cabinets must have doors which self-close and self-latch.

Anesthetic agents

Anesthetic agents have long been associated with health hazards. Chronic exposure to these agents have potential adverse effects on the liver, kidney, nervous system and reproductive system. Engineering controls, such as systems that scavenge waste gases from the source, are the best methods to control these hazards. For more details on waste anesthetic gases go to http://web.research.colostate.edu/acp/OHP_Waste.aspx

Spills
All chemical spills should be handled as described in Hazwaste Accident Procedures (http://www.ehs.colostate.edu/WHazWaste/Home.aspx). Familiarize yourself with these procedures and who the emergency contacts are.  More importantly learn how to prevent spills and be alert in your work area at all times. Check containers frequently for leaks. If a spill does occur respond quickly and effectively. Small spills may be managed by laboratory staff. Dispose of the materials used for containing the spill as described in the Colorado State University Hazardous Chemical Waste Systems Manual. In the event of a large spill, remain calm and after ascertaining that there is no immediate danger call 911 or 491-6745 and provide the information requested by the dispatcher; protect co-workers, secure the area and do not spread the contamination.

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Last Updated July 7th, 2009